The skin under and around the eyes is extremely delicate and prone to damage from UV exposure, stress, trauma, and ageing. Beneath the skin lie fragile fat pads that support and protect the eye socket. Over time, these fat pads can shift forward and downward, creating visible eye bags.

In addition, the under-eye area has a fine lymphatic drainage system that can easily become overwhelmed. Poor sleep, stress, alcohol, dietary factors, allergies, and screen use can cause fluid to accumulate, further contributing to puffiness.

Eye bags are often caused by a combination of fluid retention, fat displacement, and skin laxity, which is why treatment must be individualised.